We turned the hype meters to 11 for this awesome episode! The main training topic was on the wild, uncertain science of post-exercise ketone supplementation. We take you into the cutting-edge of this emerging field of research, like a Magic Schoolbus for the scientific method. Ketone bodies are naturally produced after exercise, an evolutionary mechanism honed over millions of years. Now, through a relatively new liquid supplement, evolution has a dimmer switch. That switch could enhance adaptation and performance...or it could go down more sinister paths. We highlight some stunning studies, including a review article released just last week, with implications for how we think about uncertain physiology in other areas too. We also dug into a listener question about bone density! In coaching and research, we have seen big changes in bone density over time. No matter where you start, you can improve your outcomes via training and nutrition. We're past Halloween season, but it's never too late to get extremely excited about skeletons. And this one was so full of fun! Other topics: race week thoughts, a study on training data from athletes who leveled up to world-class performers, 2 technology updates on shoes and shirts, eating disorder recovery, a fascinating new study on how protein synthesis changes based on protein sources, and hot takes. For some reason, we take a diversion to riff on "g-receptor signaling" in a way that won't teach you anything, but may change how you think about biology. We promise that you won't get these riffs on Huberman. For a weekly bonus episode (and bi-weekly newsletter, plus merch), make sure you're subscribed to our Patreon. We love you all! HUZZAH! Support the podcast: patreon.com/swap Try Athletic Greens: drinkAG1.com/swap Buy Janji's amazing gear: https://janji.com/ (code "SWAP") Precision Hydration discount link: https://visit.pfandh.com/swap