Adam Frank is an astrophysicist studying star systems and the search for extraterrestrial life and alien civilizations. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep455-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/adam-frank-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Adam’s Website: https://adamfrankscience.com Adam’s X: https://x.com/adamfrank4 Adam’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/adamfrankscience Adam’s Books: The Little Book of Aliens: https://amzn.to/3OTX1rP Light of the Stars: https://amzn.to/4iMKC6C The Blind Spot: https://amzn.to/4gOCe4K The Constant Fire: https://amzn.to/3ZVnxX4 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Encord: AI tooling for annotation & data management. Go to https://encord.com/lex Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (14:22) – Planet formation (19:32) – Plate tectonics (26:54) – Extinction events (31:04) – Biosphere (34:02) – Technosphere (38:17) – Emergence of intelligence (44:29) – Drake equation (48:43) – Exoplanets (51:28) – Habitable zones (54:30) – Fermi Paradox (1:03:28) – Alien civilizations (1:12:55) – Colonizing Mars (1:25:11) – Search for aliens (1:41:37) – Alien megastructures (1:47:43) – Kardashev scale (1:52:56) – Detecting aliens (1:59:38) – Warp drives (2:05:45) – Cryogenics (2:09:03) – What aliens look like (2:17:48) – Alien contact (2:28:53) – UFO sightings (2:40:38) – Physics of life (3:06:29) – Nature of time (3:22:53) – Cognition (3:27:16) – Mortality