Nora Freeman Engstrom is a professor of law who says that in three-quarters of cases one or more of the parties lacks legal representation. Worse yet, often the litigants are involved in high-consequence civil cases where there is no right to a lawyer and costs are prohibitive. Some states are looking at alternatives including non-lawyer representation, curated legal help for low-income citizens, and even AI, as Engstrom tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Nora Freeman EngstromConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Nora Freeman Engstrom, a professor of law at Stanford University.(00:03:11) Path to Justice WorkNora’s journey into legal ethics and justice reform.(00:04:46) Misconceptions About Civil CourtHow civil cases often involve one represented and one unrepresented party.(00:08:40) Limits of Judicial HelpWhy the U.S. adversarial system limits judicial involvement.(00:10:40) Problems with Self-HelpThe lack of reliable resources for people trying to represent themselves.(00:13:41) The Cost of Legal HelpThe high cost of representation and how legal aid is overwhelmed.(00:15:20) A Missing MiddleHow law lacks mid-level professionals to offer affordable legal help.(00:17:41) Expanding Legal AccessWhy law lacks mid-level roles and bans non-lawyer advice.(00:22:22) New Models for Legal SupportThe ways some states are testing trained non-lawyers to expand access.(00:27:22) Legal Help in the PastThe history of legal access, including lawyers in banks and auto clubs.(00:30:29) Legal ProtectionismHow depression-era protectionism led to today’s lawyer-only model(00:32:48) The Role of AI in Legal AccessThe potential of AI for creating smarter legal tools for courts.(00:35:52) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.