This is Part One of a two-part interview with Khun Ployjai Pintobtang, a lecturer in history at Chiang Mai University, about the history of democracy in Thailand and Asia. Ed begins by asking A. Ploy her take on an old trope: that Asian culture is unsuited for democracy because of its foundations in Confucianism, which is well known for its fixed, hierarchical relationships. A. Ploy quickly counters that this idea is outdated given the relative success of democracy in countries such as South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Ed wonders about Singapore, which seems stubbornly resistant to real democracy, but A. Ploy notes Singapore's unique history and essentially one-party system. Next, the conversation moves to possible pre-conditions for democracy: Can any country become a democracy at any time or does it have to reach a certain stage of development first? A. Ploy notes that there is no clear authority who should get to decide what those pre-conditions would be. Who has the right to decide that? Ed then points out that in 1776, less than ten percent of Americans could read and write, but somehow democracy managed to take hold. Greg then wonders if there is anything specific to Thai culture and society that might make it inappropriate for a democratic government. This leads to a lengthy discussion of Thai history, but in short, A. Ploy argues that Thai identity and nationalism has never truly contained democracy as a core element, thus complicating matters for democratic reformers. The three continue this in-depth discussion of democracy in Thailand on next week's show. If you want to learn more, check out the book that A. Ploy contributed to here. Don't forget that Patrons get the ad-free version of the show as well as swag and other perks. And we'll keep our Facebook, Twitter, and LINE accounts active so you can send us comments, questions, or whatever you want to share.