In this informative episode, Josh Souders from Copeland joins Bryan to dive deep into heat pump technology, discussing everything from basic operations to advanced features in cold climate applications. The conversation begins with a fundamental explanation of how heat pumps work, describing them as essentially air conditioners with a reversing valve that allows them to provide both heating and cooling. Josh explains the thermodynamic principles that enable heat pumps to extract heat from cold outdoor air and transfer it indoors, achieving coefficients of performance (COP) ranging from 1.5 to 3, making them significantly more efficient than traditional electric resistance heating. The discussion moves into the broader context of electrification and decarbonization, explaining how heat pumps fit into these environmental initiatives. Josh details how modern cold climate heat pumps have evolved significantly from earlier generations, particularly through the Department of Energy's Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge program. This program pushed manufacturers to develop systems capable of maintaining full heating capacity at very low temperatures, addressing historical concerns about heat pump performance in cold regions. Variable speed technology emerges as a key topic, with Josh explaining how modern inverter-driven compressors can operate across a wide range of speeds - from 900 to 7,000 RPM in their newest A2L products. This capability allows systems to maintain heating capacity in cold weather by increasing compressor speed when needed. The conversation also covers practical considerations for installation and troubleshooting, including the importance of proper defrost cycles, installation location, and the use of riser kits in snowy regions. Key Topics Covered: Basic heat pump operation and refrigeration cycle Electrification and decarbonization initiatives Cold climate heat pump capabilities and DOE challenge program Variable speed compressor technology Different types of heat pumps (air source, ground source, water source) Defrost cycles and their importance Installation considerations for cold climates Vapor injection technology and its benefits Available incentives and rebates for heat pump installation Troubleshooting tips for heat pump systems Low-GWP refrigerant considerations Resource links for contractors and homeowners Modern heat pump efficiency and performance improvements Resources mentioned: DSIRE USA website for state incentives (dsireusa.org) DOE rebate portal (energy.gov/save/rebates) Copeland heat pump information (hvacrschool.com/copeland-heat-pumps) Copeland Mobile app and White Rogers family of apps Copeland Training Hub for education resources Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android